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Basics of Insurance

	Meaning of Insurance
	Insurance provides financial protection against a loss arising out of happening of an uncertain event. A person can avail this protection by paying premium to an insurance company.
	A pool is created through contributions made by persons seeking to protect themselves from common risk. Premium is collected by insurance companies which also act as trustee to the pool. Any loss to the insured in case of happening of an uncertain event is paid out of this pool.
	Insurance works on the basic principle of risk-sharing. A great advantage of insurance is that it spreads the risk of a few people over a large group of people exposed to risk of similar type.
	Concept of Insurance / How Insurance Works
	The concept behind insurance is that a group of people exposed to similar risk come together and make contributions towards formation of a pool of funds. In case a person actually suffers a loss on account of such risk, he is compensated out of the same pool of funds. Contribution to the pool is made by a group of people sharing common risks and collected by the insurance companies in the form of premiums.

Let’s take some examples to understand how insurance actually works:

Example 1
SUPPOSE

Example 2
SUPPOSE

UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION
All 1000 house owners are exposed to a common risk, i.e. fire

UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION
All 5000 persons are exposed to common risk, i.e. death

PROCEDURE
All owners contribute Rs. 300/- each as premium to the pool of funds

Total value of the fund = Rs. 3,00,000 (i.e. 1000 houses * Rs. 300)

5 houses get burnt during the year

Insurance company pays Rs. 40,000/- out of the pool to all 5 house owners whose house got burnt

PROCEDURE
Everybody contributes Rs. 1200/- each as premium to the pool of funds

Total value of the fund = Rs. 60,00,000 (i.e. 5000 persons * Rs. 1,200)

50 persons die in a year on an average

Insurance company pays Rs. 1,00,000/- out of the pool to the family members of all 50 persons dying in a year

EFFECT OF INSURANCE
Risk of 5 house owners is spread over 1000 house owners in the village, thus reducing the burden on any one of the owners.

EFFECT OF INSURANCE
Risk of 50 persons is spread over 5000 people, thus reducing the burden on any one person.